Kharkov is a major cultural, scientific, educational, transport and industrial centre of Ukraine, with 60 scientific Institutes, 30 establishments of higher education, 6 museums, 7 theatres and 80 libraries. Its industry specializes mostly in machinery. There are hundreds of industrial companies in the city. Among them are world famous giants like the Morozov Design Bureau and the Malyshev Tank Factory, leaders in tank production since the 1930s; Khartron (aerospace and nuclear electronics); and the Turboatom turbines producer.
There is an underground rapid-transit system (metro) with about 38.1 km (24 mi) of track and 29 stations. A well-known landmark of Kharkov is the Freedom Square (Maidan Svobody formerly known as Dzerzhinsky Square), which is currently the sixth largest city square in Europe, and the 12th largest square in the world.
Among survivals of the past of Kharkov city are the 17th-century Pokrovsky Cathedral, the 19th-century Patriarchal Cathedral, and the bell tower commemorating the victory over Napoleon I in 1812.
Kharkov city is one of the most important cultural and educational centers of Ukraine. Kharkov university was founded in 1805. There are numerous other institutions of higher education, including polytechnic, medical, agricultural, and various engineering establishments.
In addition, Kharkov has a number of scientific-research institutions, a park of physical culture, and a botanical garden. Kharkov city has philharmonic hall, several theaters (the oldest of which dates from 1780), planetarium, and several museums. Kharkov city subway system was opened in 1975.
The architecture of Kharkov and its sightseeing attracts a lot of tourists. Uspenskiy (Dormition) Cathedral, Blagoveshenskiy (the Annunciation) Cathedral, Intercession Cathedral, Catholic Cathedral, Memorial Complex of Glory, Freedom Square which is the third large square in the Europe and the seventh in the world (according to list of city squares by size), Taras Shevchenko Monument, Mirror Stream, Militia Museum and many others.
The name of widely famous philosopher and educator Hrihoriy Skovoroda and painter Ilya Repin are connected with Kharkov (Kharkiv). Skovoroda lectured at Kharkov Collegium. He died here in 1794 and was buried here. The house, where this famous painter Ilya Repin was born in a little town of Chuhuiv, not far from Kharkov and spent his childhood there. The exposition of his house-museum tells the visitors about his life and activity.